Raw Material factor affecting on spinning

In textile raw material represent 50-75% cost of the manufacturing cost. This fact is sufficient for understanding importance in process. Due to this reason raw material is most important and directly affect to the cost textile product.

Following Fiber characteristic is affecting the spinning process with their end product.

Fiber Fineness Fineness of the fiber is one of the most important parameter of fiber characteristic. No. of fibers in cross section area is not only deal with strength but also give a better fiber distribution in yarn. Fineness represents the no. fiber present in yarn cross section area for given thickness. Additional fiber in cross section provides better evenness in the yarn.

Fiber Fineness affect spinning limit, yarn strength, yarn evenness, yarn fullness, fabric drape and handle properties, luster, efficiency of the machine. 

Fiber Maturity Cotton fiber made by cell wall and lumen. The maturity index is dependent on thickness of this cell wall. According to schenek fiber consider mature when the cell wall of the moisture-swollen fiber represents 50-80% of the round cross-section. As immature when it represents 30-45%. Fiber maturity measure in terms of maturity index (MI).

               Fiber maturity affect yarn strength, nippiness, proportion of short fiber, dyeability, card efficiency.

Fiber Length Fiber length is also most important parameter of fiber properties it’s affect spinning limit, yarn strength, yarn evenness, fabric handle, luster of the product and yarn hairiness and machine efficiency.

We can consider fiber which contain length around 4-5 mm will be lost in processing as waste and fly. And fiber which are contain length more than 12-15 mm they do not provide good strength in yarn but it’s contributed for processing fullness of the yarn. which fiber have length more 12-15mm they give positive characteristic in yarn structure.  

Fiber Strength Strength of the fiber is one of the important parameter of textile fiber. Nature produces countless type of fiber, in which some of are not usable for textile due to inadequate strength. Minimum strength for a textile fiber is consider approx 6cN/tex. Since binding of the fiber mainly achieved by twisting. this can take advantage of just 30-70% of the strength of the material, a lower limit about 3cN/tex. And it’s finally obtained yarn strength.

Breaking strength of some fiber are;

               Polyester Fiber 35-60 cN/Tex

               Cotton                 15-40 cN/Tex

               Wool                    12-18 cN/Tex

Fiber strength is dependent of moisture content Except polyester and polypropylene fiber. and important to knowing moisture content during process and testing. Strength of the cotton, linen etc.. increase with increasing moisture content, this thing truly reverse with polyamide fiber, viscose and wool.